The Bode magnitude plot of a first order stable system is constant with frequency. The asymptotic value of the high frequency phase, for the system, is $$-$$180$$^\circ$$. This system has

An LTI system is shown in the figure where $$G(s) = {{100} \over {{s^2} + 0.1s + 100}}$$. The steady state output of the system, to the input r(t), is given as y(t) = a + b sin(10t + $$\theta$$). The values of a and b will be

The open loop transfer function of a unity gain negative feedback system is given as

$$G(s) = {1 \over {s(s + 1)}}$$

The Nyquist contour in the s-plane encloses the entire right half plane and a small neighbourhood around the origin in the left half plane, as shown in the figure below. The number of encirclements of the point ($$-$$1 + j0) by the Nyquist plot of G(s), corresponding to the Nyquist contour, is denoted as N. Then N equals to

The transfer function of a system is given by $${{{V_0}\left( s \right)} \over {{V_i}\left( s \right)}} = {{1 - s} \over {1 + s}}$$

Let the output of the system be $${v_0}\left( t \right) = {v_m}\sin \left( {\omega t + \phi } \right)$$ for the input $${v_i}\left( t \right) = {v_m}\sin \left( {\omega t} \right).$$ Then the minimum and maximum values of ϕ (in radians) are respectively