A beam is undergoing pure bending as shown in the figure. The stress (𝜎)-strain (𝜀) curve for the material is also given. The yield stress of the material is 𝜎𝑌. Which of the option(s) given represent(s) the bending stress distribution at cross-section AA after plastic yielding? 

Consider a beam with circular cross-section of diameter $$d.$$ The ratio of the second moment of area about the neutral axis to the section modulus of the area is

The cross-sections of two solid bars made of the same material are shown in the figure. The square cross-section has flexural (bending) rigidity $${{\rm I}_1}$$ while the circular cross-section has flexural rigidity $${{\rm I}_2}$$. Both sections have the same cross-sectional area. The ratio $${{\rm I}_1}$$/$${{\rm I}_2}$$ is

The beams, one having square cross section and another circular cross-section,are subjected to the same amount of bending moment. If the cross sectional area as well as the material of both the beams are the same then