Consider the following code fragment:

if (fork() == 0)
{
   a = a + 5;
   printf("%d, %d \n", a, &a);
}
else
{
   a = a - 5;
   printf ("%d, %d \n", a, &a);
}

Let $$u,v$$ be the values printed by the parent process, and $$x,y$$ be the values printed by the child process. Which one of the following is TRUE?

Consider the following set of processes, with the arrival times and the $$CPU$$-burst times given in milliseconds.

What is the average turnaround time for these processes with the preemptive shortest remaining processing time first $$(SRTF)$$ algorithm?

A uni-processor computer system only has two processes, both of which alternate $$10$$ $$ms$$ $$CPU$$ bursts with $$90$$ $$ms$$ $${\rm I}/O$$ bursts. Both the processes were created at nearly the same time. The $${\rm I}/O$$ of both processes can proceed in parallel. Which of the following scheduling strategies will result in the least $$CPU$$ utilization (over a long period of time) for this system?

Which combination of the following features will suffice to characterize an $$OS$$ as a multi-programmed $$OS?$$
$$(a).$$ More than one program may be loaded into main memory at the same time for execution.
$$(b).$$ If a program waits for certain events such as $$I/O$$, another program is immediately scheduled for execution.
$$(c).$$ If the execution of a program terminates, another program is immediately scheduled for execution.