An opamp has a finite open loop voltage gain of 100. Its input offset voltage V_ios (= +5mV) is modeled as shown in the circuit below. The amplifier is ideal in all other respects. V_input is 25 mV.

The output voltage (in millivolts) is ________.

Assume that the diode in the figure has on V_on = 0.7V, but is otherwise ideal. The magnitude of the current i₂ (in mA) is equal to __________.

The figure shows a half-wave rectifier with a 475 µF filter capacitor. The load draws a constant current I₀= 1 A from the rectifier. The figure also shows the input voltage V_i , the output voltage V_C and the peak-to-peak voltage ripple on V_C.The input voltage V_i is a triangle-wave with an amplitude of 10 V and a period of 1 ms.

The value of the ripple u (in volts) is ______________.

Resistor R₁ in the circuit below has been adjusted so that I₁ = 1 mA. The bipolar transistor Q1 and Q2 are perfectly matched and have very high current gain, so their base currents are negligible. The supply voltage V_cc is 6 V. The thermal voltage kT/q is 26 mV.

The value of R₂ (in $$\Omega $$ ) for which I₂ = 100 $$\mu {\rm A}$$ is ________.