A $$5.0 \mathrm{~V}$$ stabilized power supply is required to be designed using a $$12 \mathrm{~V}$$ DC power supply as input source. The maximum power rating of zener diode is $$2.0 \mathrm{~W}$$. The minimum value of resistance $$R_{\mathrm{s}}$$ in $$\Omega$$ connected in series with zener diode will be

To get the truth table shown, from the following logic circuit, the Gate G should be

Combination of NAND gates is shown in the figure. It is equivalent to

In an ideal junction diode, the current flowing through PQ is