The following measurements are obtained on a single phase load: $$V = 220 V$$ $$ \pm $$$$1$$%. $${\rm I}$$$$= 5.0$$ $$A$$ $$ \pm \,1$$% and $$W=555$$ $$W$$ $$ \pm \,2$$%. If the power factor is calculated using these measurements, the worst case error in the calculated power factor in percent is _________. (Give answer up to one decimal place.)

A capacitive voltage divider is used to measure the bus voltage V_bus in a high-voltage 50Hz AC system as shown in the figure. The measurement capacitors C₁ and C₂ have tolerances of $$ \pm $$10% on their nominal capacitance values. If the bus voltage V_bus is 100 kV rms, the maximum rms output voltage V_out (in kV), considering the capacitor tolerances, is __________.

Fringing in capacitive type transducer can be minimized by providing a _________

A precise measurement guarantees accuracy of the measured quantity.