Let N be the set of natural numbers. Consider the following sets.

$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$P:$$ Set of Rational numbers (positive and negative)
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$Q:$$ Set of functions from $$\left\{ {0,1} \right\}$$ to $$N$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$R:$$ Set of functions from $$N$$ to $$\left\{ {0,1} \right\}$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$S:$$ Set of finite subsets of $$N.$$

Which of the sets above are countable?

A function $$f:\,\,{N^ + } \to {N^ + },$$ defined on the set of positive integers $${N^ + },$$ satisfies the following properties: $$$\eqalign{ & f\left( n \right) = f\left( {n/2} \right)\,\,\,\,if\,\,\,\,n\,\,\,\,is\,\,\,\,even \cr & f\left( n \right) = f\left( {n + 5} \right)\,\,\,\,if\,\,\,\,n\,\,\,\,is\,\,\,\,odd \cr} $$$

Let $$R = \left\{ i \right.|\exists j:f\left( j \right) = \left. i \right\}$$ be the set of distinct values that $$f$$ takes. The maximum possible size of $$R$$ is _____________________.

A binary relation $$R$$ on $$N \times N$$ is defined as follows: $$(a,b)R(c,d)$$ if $$a \le c$$ or $$b \le d.$$ Consider the following propositions:

$$P:$$ $$R$$ is reflexive
$$Q:$$ $$R$$ is transitive

Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

Consider a set $$U$$ of $$23$$ different compounds in a Chemistry lab. There is a subset $$S$$ of $$U$$ of $$9$$ compounds, each of which reacts with exactly $$3$$ compounds of $$U.$$ Consider the following statements:

$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,{\rm I}.\,\,\,\,\,$$ Each compound in $$U \ S$$ reacts with an odd number of compounds.
$$\,\,\,\,\,{\rm I}{\rm I}.\,\,\,\,\,$$ At least one compound in $$U \ S$$ reacts with an odd number of compounds.
$$\,\,\,{\rm I}{\rm I}{\rm I}.\,\,\,\,\,$$ Each compound in $$U \ S$$ reacts with an even number of compounds.

Which one of the above statements is ALWAYS TRUE?