Fluid is flowing with an average velocity of $$V$$ through a pipe of diameter $$d.$$ over a length of $$L,$$ the “head” loss is given by $${{fL{V^2}} \over {2gD}}.$$ The friction factor, $$f,$$ for laminar flow in terms of Reynolds number ($$Re$$) is ______________ (fill the blank)

Shown below are three tanks, tank $$1$$ without an orifice tube and tanks $$2$$ and $$3$$ with orifice tubes as shown. Neglecting losses and assuming the diameter of orifice to be much less than that of the tank, write expressions for the exit velocity in each of the three tanks.

In the case of turbulent flow of a fluid through a circular tube (as compared to the case of laminar flow at the same flow rate) the maximum velocity is ...................., shear stress at the wall is ................................., and the pressure drop across a given length is ____________. The correct words for the bllanks are, respectively: