Consider an incompressible laminar boundary layer flow over a flat plate of length $$L$$, aligned with the direction of an incoming uniform free stream. If $$F$$ is the ratio of the drag force on the front half of the plate to the drag force on the rear half, then

Flow separation in flow past a solid object is caused by

If $$'x'$$ is the distance measured from the leading edge of a flat plate, then laminar boundary layer thickness varies as

As the transition from laminar to turbulent flow is induced in a cross flow past a circular cylinder the value of the drag coefficient drops.