A binary relation $$R$$ on $$N \times N$$ is defined as follows: $$(a,b)R(c,d)$$ if $$a \le c$$ or $$b \le d.$$ Consider the following propositions:

$$P:$$ $$R$$ is reflexive
$$Q:$$ $$R$$ is transitive

Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

Consider a set $$U$$ of $$23$$ different compounds in a Chemistry lab. There is a subset $$S$$ of $$U$$ of $$9$$ compounds, each of which reacts with exactly $$3$$ compounds of $$U.$$ Consider the following statements:

$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,{\rm I}.\,\,\,\,\,$$ Each compound in $$U \ S$$ reacts with an odd number of compounds.
$$\,\,\,\,\,{\rm I}{\rm I}.\,\,\,\,\,$$ At least one compound in $$U \ S$$ reacts with an odd number of compounds.
$$\,\,\,{\rm I}{\rm I}{\rm I}.\,\,\,\,\,$$ Each compound in $$U \ S$$ reacts with an even number of compounds.

Which one of the above statements is ALWAYS TRUE?

Let $$R$$ be a relation on the set of ordered pairs of positive integers such that $$\left( {\left( {p,q} \right),\left( {r,s} \right)} \right) \in R$$ if and only if $$p - s = q - r.$$ Which one of the following is true about $$R$$?

Let $$X$$ and $$Y$$ denote the sets containing $$2$$ and $$20$$ distinct objects respectively and $$𝐹$$ denote the set of all possible functions defined from $$X$$ to $$Y$$. Let $$f$$ be randomly chosen from $$F.$$ The probability of $$f$$ being one-to-one is ________.