The most commonly used Amplifier in sample and hold circuit is

If the Op-Amp in the figure has an input offset voltage of 5 mV and an open-loop voltage gain of 10,000, V₀ will be

In an FM system, a carrier of 100 MHz is modulated by a sinusoidal signal of 5 KHz. The bandwidth by Carson’s approximation is 1 MHz. If y(t) = (modulated waveform)³, then by using Carson’s approximation, the bandwidth of y(t) around 300 MHz and the and the spacing of spectral components are, respectively.

In a digital communication system employing Frequency Shift Keying (FSK), the 0 and 1 bit are represented by sine waves of 10 KHz and 25 KHz respectively. These waveforms will be orthogonal for a bit interval of