Crossover distortion behavior is characteristic of

A dc power supply has a no-load voltage of 30V, and a full-load voltage of 25 V at a full-load current of 1A. Its output resistance and load regulation, respectively are

A bipolar junction transistor amplifier circuit is shown in the figure. Assume that the current source I_bias is ideal, and the transistor has very large$$\beta ,\,\,{r_{b\,\,}} = \,\,0,$$ and the $${r_0}\, \to \,\infty $$.

Determine the ac small-signal mid-band and voltage gain $$\left( {{V_o}/{V_s}} \right),$$ input resistance (R₁, and output resistance (R₀) of the circuit. Assume $${V_{T\,\,}} = \,\,26\,mV.$$

An NPN transistor (with $${C_\pi }\,\, = \,\,0.3\,\,$$ pf) has a unity gain cutoff frequency $${f_T}$$ of 400 MHz at a DC-bias current I_c = 1mA. The value of its $${C_\mu }$$ (in pf) is approximately $$\left( {{V_T}\, = \,26\,mV} \right)$$.

An amplifier is assumed to have a single pole high frequency transfer function. The rise time of its output response to a step function input is 35 nsec. The upper 3 dB frequency (in MHz) for the amplifier to a sinusoidal input is approximately at

The first dominant pole encountered in the frequency response of a compensated op-amp is approximately at

Negative feedback in an amplifier

An amplifier has an open loop gain of 100, an input impedance of 1 k$$_\Omega $$, and an output impedance of 100 $$_\Omega $$ . A feedback network with a feedback factor of 0.99 is connected to the amplifier an a voltage series feedback mode. The new input and output impedance respectively are

The input to a matched filter is given by $$$S\left( t \right) = \left\{ {\matrix{ {10\sin \left( {2\pi \times {{10}^6}t} \right),} & {0 < 1 < {{10}^{ - 4}}\sec } \cr {0\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,,} & {otherwise} \cr } } \right.$$$

The peak amplitude of the filter output is

Four independent messages have bandwidths of 100Hz, 100 Hz, 200Hz and 400Hz respectively. Each is sampled at the Nyquist rate, and the samples are time division multiplexed (TDM) and transmitted. The transmitted sample rate )in Hz) is

The peak-to-peak input to an 8-bit PCM coder is 2 volts . The signal power - to -quantization noise power ratio (in dB) for an input of 0.5 $$\cos \left( {{\omega _m}t} \right)$$ is

A modulated signal is given by, $$s\left(t\right)=m_1\left(t\right)\cos\left(2{\mathrm{πf}}_\mathrm c\mathrm t\right)\;+m_2\left(t\right)\sin\left(2{\mathrm{πf}}_\mathrm c\mathrm t\right)$$, where the baseband signal m₁(t) and m₂(t) have bandwidths of 10 kHz and 15 kHz, respectively. The bandwidth of the modulated signal, in kHz, is

The system mode described by the state equations $$$X = \left( {\matrix{ 0 & 1 \cr 2 & { - 3} \cr } } \right)x + \left( {\matrix{ 0 \cr 1 \cr } } \right)u,y = \left[ {\matrix{ 1 & 1 \cr } } \right]x$$$

Consider the points s₁ = −3 + j4 and s₂ = −3 − j2 in the s-plane. Then, for a system with the open loop transfer function $$$G\left(s\right)H\left(s\right)=\frac K{\left(s+1\right)^4}$$$

For a second-order system with the closed-loop transfer function $$$T\left(s\right)=\frac9{s^2+4s+9}$$$ the settling time for 2% band in seconds is

The loop transfer function of a feedback control system is given by $$$G\left(s\right)H\left(s\right)=\frac{K\left(s+1\right)}{s\left(1+Ts\right)\left(1+2s\right)},\;K>0$$$ Using Routh-Hurwitz criterion, determine the region of K-T plane in which the closed-loop system is stable.

If the closed-loop transfer function T(s) of a unity negative feedback system is given by $$$T\left(s\right)=\frac{a_{n-1}s+a_n}{s^n+a_1s^{n-1}+.....+a_{n-1}s+a_n}$$$ then the steady state error for a unit ramp input is

The asymptotic bode plot of the minimum phase open-loop transfer function G(s)H(s) is as shown in the figure. Obtain the transfer function G(s)H(s)

The gain margin of a system having the loop transfer function G(s)H(s) =$${{\sqrt 2 } \over {s(s + 1)}}$$ is

Consider a feedback system with the open loop transfer function given by $$G(s)H(s) = {K \over {s\left( {2s + 1} \right)}}.$$ Examine the stability of the closed-loop system using Nyquist stability.

The phase margin (in degrees) of a system having the loop transfer function is $$G(s)H(s) = {{2\sqrt 3 } \over {s(s + 1)}}$$

For the system described by the state equation $$$\mathop x\limits^ \bullet = \left[ {\matrix{ 0 & 1 & 0 \cr 0 & 0 & 1 \cr {0.5} & 1 & 2 \cr } } \right]x + \left[ {\matrix{ 0 \cr 0 \cr 1 \cr } } \right]u.$$$

If the control signal u is given by u=(-0.5-3-5)x+v, then the eigen values of the closed loop system will be

The circuit diagram of a synchronous counter is shown in the figure. Determine the sequence of states of the counter assuming that the initial state is ‘000’. Give your answer in a tabulor form showing the present state Q_A(n), Q_B(n), Q_C(n), J-K inputs ( J_A, K_A, J_B, K_B, J_C, K,) and the next state $${Q_{A\left( {n + 1} \right)}},\,{Q_{B\left( {n + 1} \right)}},{Q_{C\left( {n + 1} \right)}}$$ From the table, determine the modulus of the counter.

The resolution of a 4-bit counting ADC is 0.5 Volts. For an analog input of 6.6 Volts, the digital output of the ADC will be

A Darlington Emitter follower circuit is sometimes used in the output stage of a TTL gate in order to

The ripple counter shown in the figure works as a

Commercially available ECL gates use two ground lines and one negative supply in order to

For a binary half-sub-tractor having two inputs A and B, the correct set of logical expressions for the outputs D (=A minus B) and X (=borrow) are

The minimized form of the logical expression ($$\overline A \,\overline B \,\overline C + B\overline C + \overline A B\overline C + \overline A BC + AB\overline C )$$

The Logical expression $$Y = A + \overline A B$$ is equivalent to

In certain application, four inputs A, B, C, D (both true and complement forms available)are fed to logic circuit, producing an output F which operates a relay. The relay turns on when F(ABCD)=1 for the following states of the inputs (ABCD):'0000', '0010' ,0101',0110','1101' and '1110'. States '1000' and '1001' do not occur, and for the remaining states, the relay is off. Minaining states, the relay is off. Minimize F with the help of a Karnaugh map and realize it using a minimum number of 3- input NAND gates.

For a binary half-subtractor having two inputs A and B, the correct set of Logical expressions for the output D(=Aminus B) and X(=Borrow) are

Assuming perfect conductors of a transmission line, pure TEM propagation is NOT possible in

In a twin-wire transmission line in air, the adjacent voltage maxima are at 12.5 cm and 27.5. The operating frequency is

In air, a lossless transmission line of length 50 cm with $$L = 10\,\mu H/m,\,\,C = 40\,\,pF/m$$ is operated at 25 MHz. Its electrical path length is

A plane wave in free space with
$$\overrightarrow E = \left( {\sqrt \pi } \right)\left( {10.0\,\widehat x + 11.8\,\widehat y} \right)\exp \left[ {j\left( {4\pi \times {{10}^8}\,t - k\,z} \right)} \right]$$
where $$\widehat x$$ and $$\widehat y$$ are unit vectors in the $$x$$- and $$y$$-directions respectively is incident normally on a semi-infinite block of ice as shown in Fig. For ice, $$\mu = {\mu _0},\,\,\,\sigma = 0$$ and $$\varepsilon = 9{\varepsilon _0}\left( {1 - j0.001} \right)$$.

(a) Calculate the average power density associated with the incident wave.

(b) Calculate the skin depth in ice.

(c) Estimate the average power density at a distance of 5 times the skins depth in the ice block, measured from the interface.

A transmitting antenna radiates 251 W isotropically. A receiving antenna, located 100m away from the transmitting antenna, has an effective aperture of 500 cm². The total power received by the antenna is

Identify which one of the following will NOT satisfy the wave equation.

Indicate which one of the following modes do NOT exist in a rectangular resonant cavity.

The average power of an omni-directional antenna varies as the magnitude of cos($$\theta $$) where $$\theta $$ is the azimuthal angle. Calculate the maximum Directive Gain of the antenna and the angles at which it occurs.

A 100 m section of an air-filled rectangular wave-guide operating in the $$T{E_{10}}$$ mode has a cross-sectional dimension of 1.071 cm $$ \times $$ 0.5 cm. Two pulses carriers of 21 GHz and 28 GHz are simultaneously launched at one end of the wave-guide section. What is the time delay difference between the two pulses at the other end of the waveguide?

An electric field on a plane is described by its potential V = $$20\left(r^{-1}\;+\;r^{-2}\right)$$ where r is the distance from the source. The field is due to

An n-channel JEFT has I_DSS = 2 mA and V_p = −4 V. It's transconductance g_m (in mA/V) for an applied gate-to-source voltage V_GS of –2V is:

If $$\,\,L\left\{ {f\left( t \right)} \right\} = F\left( s \right)$$ then $$\,\,\,L\left\{ {f\left( {t - T} \right)} \right\}$$ is equal to

If $$CS\;=\overline{A_{15}}\;A_{14}\;A_{13}$$ is used as the chip select logic of a 4K RAM in an 8085 system, then its memory range will be

A 2-port network is shown in figure. The parameter $${h_{21}}$$ for this network can be given by

In the circuit of figure, the switch $$'S'$$ has remained open for a long time. The switch closes instantaneously at $$ t = 0$$. n

(a) Find $${V_0}$$ for $$t \le 0$$ and as $$t \to \infty $$.
(b) Write an expression for $${V_0}$$ as a function of time for $$0 \le t \le \infty $$.
(c) Evaluate $${V_0}$$ at $$t = 25\,\,\mu $$sec.

A coil with a quality factor $$(Q)$$ of $$10$$ is put in series with a capacitor $${C_1}$$ of $$10\,\,\mu F,$$ and the combination is found to draw maximum current when a sinusoidal voltage of frequency $$50$$ $$Hz$$ is applied. A second capacitor $${C_2}$$ is now in parallel with the circuit. What should be the capacitance of $${C_2}$$ for combined circuit to act purely as a resistance for a sinusoidal excitation at a frequency of $$100$$ $$Hz$$? Calculate the rms current drawn by the combined circuit at $$100$$ $$Hz$$ if the applied voltage is $$100V$$ (rms).

The Thevenin equivalent voltage V_TH appearing between the terminals A and B of the network shown in Fig. is given by

Identify which of the following is NOT a true of the graph shown in Fig.

A Delta-connected network with its Wye-equivalent is shown in Fig.P2.4. The resistance R₁, R₂ and R₃ (in ohms) are respectively

For the network shown in Fig., evaluate the current I flowing through the 2Ω resistor using superposition theorem.

The value of R (in ohms) required for maximum power transfer in the network shown in Fig. is

A modulated signal is given by s(t)= $${e^{ - at}}$$ cos $$\left[ {({\omega _c} + \Delta \omega )t} \right]$$ u (t), where a, $${\omega _c}$$ and $${\Delta \omega }$$ are positive constants, and $${\omega _c}$$ >>$${\Delta \omega }$$. The complex envelope of s(t) is given by

A signal x(t) has a Fourier transform X ($$\omega $$). If x(t) is a real and odd function of t, then X($$\omega $$) is

The z-transform of a signal is given by c(z)=$${1 \over 4}{{{z^{ - 1}}(1 - {z^{ - 4}})} \over {{{(1 - {z^{ - 1}})}^2}}}$$. Its final value is

The z-transform F(z) of the function f(nT) = $${a^{nT}}$$ is

$$If\,\,L\left[ {f\left( t \right)} \right]\, = \,F\left( s \right),$$ then $$L\left[ {f\left( {t - T} \right)} \right]$$ is equal to

The input to a channel is a band pass signal. It is obtained by linearly modulating a sinusoidal carrier with a signal- tone signal. The output of the channel due to this input is given by y(t) = (1/100) cos$$(100t - {10^{ - 6}})\,$$ cos$$({10^6}t - 1.56)$$. The group delay $$({t_g})$$ and the phase delay $$({t_p})$$, in seconds, of the channel are

The input to a matched filter is given by $$s(t) = \left\{ {\matrix{ {10\sin (2\pi \times {{10}^6}t),} & {0 < \left| t \right| < {{10}^{ - 4}}\sec } \cr 0 & {Otherwise} \cr } } \right.$$

The peak amplitude of the filter output is

The Nyquist sampling frequency (in Hz) of a signal given by $$16 \times {10^{4\,}}\,\sin {c^2}(400t)*{10^6}\,\sin {c^3}(100t)$$ is