Let $$G$$ be a context free grammar where $$G = \left( {\left\{ {S,A,.B,C} \right\},\left\{ {a,b,d} \right\},P,S} \right)$$ with productions $$P$$ given below
$$\eqalign{ & S \to ABAC\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,S \to aA{\mkern 1mu} \left| \varepsilon \right. \cr & S \to bB{\mkern 1mu} \left| \varepsilon \right.\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,C \to d \cr} $$

($$\varepsilon $$ denotes the null string). Transform the given grammar $$G$$ to an equivalent context- free grammar $${G^1}$$ that has no $$\varepsilon $$ productions ($$A$$ unit production is of the from $$x \to y,\,x$$ and $$y$$ are non terminals).

If $${L_1}$$ and $${L_2}$$ are context free languages and $$R$$ a regular set, one of the languages below is not necessarily a context free language. Which one?

Which of the following features cannot be captured by context-free grammars?

Context-free languages are