A buck converter, as shown in Figure $$(a)$$ below, is working in steady state. The output voltage and the inductor current can be assumed to be ripple free. Figure $$(b)$$ shows the inductor voltage $${V_L}$$ during a complete switching interval. Assuming all devices are ideal, the duty cycle of the buck converter is ________.

In the following chopper, the duty ratio of switch $$S$$ is $$0.4.$$ If the inductor and capacitor are sufficiently large to ensure continuous inductor current and ripple free capacitor voltage, the charging current (in Ampere) of the $$5$$ $$V$$ battery, under steady-state, is_____

A step-up chopper is used to feed a load at $$400$$ $$V$$ $$dc$$ from a $$250$$ $$V$$ $$dc$$ source. The inductor current is continuous. If the ‘off’ time of the switch is $$20\,\,\mu s,$$ the switching frequency of the chopper in $$kHz$$ is ________.

The power electronic converter shown in the figure has a single-pole double-throw switch. The pole $$P$$ of the switch is connected alternately to throws $$A$$ and $$B.$$ The converter shown is a