Let $${H_1}(z) = {(1 - p{z^{ - 1}})^{ - 1}},{H_2}(z) = {(1 - q{z^{^{ - 1}}})^{ - 1}}$$ , H(z) =$${H_1}(z)$$ +r $${H_2}$$. The quantities p, q, r are real numbers. Consider , p=$${1 \over 2}$$, q=-$${1 \over 4}$$ $$\left| r \right|$$ <1. If the zero H(z) lies on the unit circle, the r = ____________________________.

A modulated signal is $$y\left( t \right)\, = \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,m\left( t \right)\,\cos \left( {40000\pi t} \right),$$ where the baseband signal $$m\left( t \right)\,$$ has frequency components less than 5 kHz only. The minimum required rate (in kHz) at which $$y\,\,\left( t \right)$$ should be sampled to recover $$m\,\,\left( t \right)$$ is ________.

Let $$\,x\,\,\left( t \right)\,\,\, = \,\,\,\cos \,\,\,\left( {10\pi t} \right)\,\, + \,\,\cos \,\,\left( {30\pi t} \right)$$ be sampled at $$20\,\,\,Hz$$ and reconstructed using an ideal low-pass filter with cut-off frequency of $$20\,\,\,Hz$$. The frequency/frequencies present in the reconstructed signal is/are.

The phase response of a passband waveform at receiver is given by $$\varphi \,(f) = - 2\,\pi \,\alpha \,(f - {f_c}) - \,2\pi \beta \,{f_c}$$

where $${f_c}$$ is the centre frequency, and $$\alpha $$ and $$\beta $$ are positive constants. The actual signal propagation delay from the trasmitter to receiver is