A thin P-type silicon sample is uniformly illuminated with light which generates excess carriers. The recombination rate is directly proportional to

At T = 300 K, the hole mobility of a semiconductor $$\mu_p\;=500\;cm^2/V-s$$ and $$\frac{kT}q\;=\;26\;mV$$.The hole diffusion constant D_p in cm²/s is__________.

In MOSFET fabrication, the channel length is defined during the process of

For the MOSFET M₁ shown in the figure, assume W/L =2, V_DD = 2.0 V, $$\mu n$$ C_OX = 100$$\mu {\rm A}/{V^2}$$ and V_TH =0.5 V. The transistor M₁ switches from saturation region to linear regionm when V_in(in Volts) is _____