$$ \text { The I-V characteristics of the elements between the nodes } X \text { and } Y \text { is best depicted } $$

A nullator is defined as a circuit element where the voltage across the device and the current through the device are both zero. A series combination of a nullator and a resistor of value, $R$, will behave as a

The number of junctions in the circuit is

In the given circuit, for voltage V_y to be zero, the value of β should be ______. (Round off to 2 decimal places).