Figure shows a $$MOSFET$$ with an integral body diode. It is employed as a power switching device in the ON and OFF states through appropriate control. The ON and OFF states of the switch are given on the $${V_{DS}} - {{\rm I}_s}$$ plane by

Figure shows a thyristor with the standard terminations of anode $$(A),$$ cathode $$(K),$$ gate $$(G)$$ and the different junctions named $$J1, J2,$$ and $$J3$$. When the thyristor is turned on and conducting

Incremental fuel costs (in some appropriate unit) for a power plant consisting of three generating units are
$${\rm I}{C_1} = 20 + 0.3\,\,{P_1},\,{\rm I}{C_2} = 30 + 0.4\,\,{P_2},\,{\rm I}{C_3} = 30$$
Assume that all the three units are operating all the time. Minimum and maximum loads on each unit are $$50$$ $$MW$$ and $$300$$ $$MW$$ respectively. If the plant is operating on economic load dispatch to supply the total power demand of $$700$$ $$MW$$, the power generated by each unit is

In a transmission line each conductor is at $$20$$ $$kV$$ and is supported by a string of $$3$$ suspension insulators. The air capacitance between each cap-pin junction and tower is one-fifth of the capacitance $$C$$ of each insulation unit. A guard ring, effective only over the line-end insulator unit is fitted so that the voltages on the two units nearest the line-end are equal.

(a) Calculate the voltage on the line-end unit.
(b) Calculate the value of capacitance $${C_x}$$ required.