Consider a vector field $$\overrightarrow A \left( {\overrightarrow r } \right).$$ The closed loop line integral $$\oint {\overrightarrow A \bullet \overrightarrow {dl} } $$ can be expressed as

The divergence of the vector field $$\,\overrightarrow A = x\widehat a{}_x + y\widehat a{}_y + z\widehat a{}_z\,\,$$ is

Let $$U$$ and $$V$$ be two independent zero mean Gaussian random variables of variances $${1 \over 4}$$ and $${1 \over 9}$$ respectively. The probability $$\,P\left( {3V \ge 2U} \right)\,\,$$ is

Consider two identically distributed zero - mean random variables $$U$$ and $$V.$$ Let the cumulative distribution functions of $$U$$ and $$2V$$ be $$F(x)$$ and $$G(x)$$ respectively. Then for all values of $$x$$