Consider a delta connection of resistors and its equivalent star connection as shown below. If all elements of the delta connection are scaled by a factor k, k > 0, the elements of the corresponding star equivalent will be scaled by a factor of

Two magnetically uncoupled inductive coils have Q factors q₁ and q₂ at the chosen operating frequency. Their respective resistances are R₁ and R₂. When connected in series, their effective Q factor at the same operating frequency is