Consider the implementation of sliding window protocol over a lossless link, with a window size of $W$ frames, where each frame is of size 1000 bits (including header). The bandwidth of the link is $100 \mathrm{kbps}\left(1 \mathrm{k}=10^3\right)$ and the one-way propagation delay is 100 milliseconds. Assume that processing times at the sender and receiver are zero and the transmission time of acknowledgements is also zero. Which one of the following options gives the minimum size of $W$ (in number of frames) required to achieve $100 \%$ link utilization?

Suppose we are transmitting frames between two nodes using Stop-and-Wait protocol. The frame size is 3000 bits. The transmission rate of the channel is 2000 bps (bits/ second) and the propagation delay between the two nodes is 100 milliseconds. Assume that the processing times at the source and destination are negligible. Also, assume that the size of the acknowledgement packet is negligible. Which ONE of the following most accurately gives the channel utilization for the above scenario in percentage?

Consider an Ethernet segment with a transmission speed of $10^8$ bits/sec and a maximum segment length of 500 meters. If the speed of propagation of the signal in the medium is $2 \times 10^8$ meters/sec, then the minimum frame size (in bits) required for collision detection is _________