Altruism is the human concern for the well being of others. Altruism has been shown to be motivated more by social bonding, familiarity and identification of belongingness to a group. The notion that altruism may be attributed to empathy or guilt has now been rejected. Which one of the following is the CORRECT logical inference based on the information in the above passage?

The importance of sleep is often overlooked by students when they are preparing for exams. Research has consistently shown that sleep deprivation greatly reduces the ability to recall the material learnt. Hence, cutting down on sleep to study longer hours can be counterproductive.

Which one of the following statements is the CORRECT inference from the above passage?