A p-type extrinsic semiconductor is obtained when Germanium is doped with:

The above figure shows the circuit symbol of a transistor. Select the correct statements given below:

(A) The transistor has two segments of p-type semiconductor separated by a segment of n-type semiconductor.

(B) The emitter is of moderate size and heavily doped.

(C) The central segment is thin and lightly doped.

(D) The emitter base junction is reverse biased in common emitter amplifier circuit.

Given below are two statements:

Statement I : Photovoltaic devices can convert optical radiation into electricity.

Statement II : Zener diode is designed to operate under reverse bias in breakdown region.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

A full wave rectifier circuit consists of two p-n junction diodes, a centre-tapped transformer, capacitor and a load resistance. Which of these components remove the ac ripple from the rectified output?