Consider the sliding window flow-control protocol operating between a sender and a receiver over a full-duplex error-free link. Assume the following:

1. The time taken for processing the data frame by the receiver is negligible.

2. The time taken for processing the acknowledgement frame by the sender is negligible.

3. The sender has infinite number of frames available for transmission.

4. The size of the data frame is 2,000 bits and the size of the acknowledgment frame is 10 bits.

5. The link data rate in each direction is 1 Mbps (= 10⁶ bits per second).

6. One way propagation delay of the link is 100 milliseconds.

The minimum value of the sender's window size in terms of the number of frames, (rounded to the nearest integer) needed to achieve a link utilization of 50% is ______

A TCP server application is programmed to listen on port number P on host S. A TCP client connected to the TCP server over the network.

Consider that while the TCP connection was active, the server machine S crashed are rebooted. Assume that the client does not use the TCP keepalive timer.

Which of the following behaviours is/are possible?

Consider a TCP connection between a client and a server with the following specifications: the round trip time is 6 ms, the size of the receiver advertised window is 50 KB, slow start threshold at the client is 32 KB, and the maximum segment size is 2 KB. The connection is established at time t = 0. Assume that there are no timeouts and errors during transmission.
Then the size of the congestion window (in KB) at time t + 60 ms after all acknowledgements are processed is ______.

Consider an $$IP$$ packet with a length of $$4,500$$ bytes that includes a $$20$$-byte $$IPv$$$$4$$ header and a $$40$$-byte $$TCP$$ header. The packet is forwarded to an $$IPv4$$ router that supports a Maximum Transmission Unit $$(MTU)$$ of $$600$$ bytes. Assume that the length of the $$IP$$ header in all the outgoing fragments of this packet is $$20$$ bytes. Assume that the fragmentation offset value stored in the first fragment is $$0.$$

The fragmentation offset value stored in the third fragment is _______.