Consider an instance of TCP’s Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD) algorithm where the window size at the start of the slow start phase is 2 MSS and the threshold at the start of the first transmission is 8 MSS. Assume that a timeout occurs during the fifth transmission. Find the congestion window size at the end of the tenth transmission.

While opening a TCP connection, the initial sequence number is to be derived using a time-of-day (ToD) clock that keeps running even when the host is down. The low order 32 bits of the counter of the ToD clock is to be used for the initial sequence numbers. The clock counter increments once per millisecond. The maximum packet lifetime is given to be 64s.

Which one of the choices given below is closest to the minimum permissible rate at which sequence numbers used for packets of a connection can increase?

In the slow start phase of the TCP congestion control algorithm, the size of the congestion window

A client process P needs to make a TCP connection to a server process S. Consider the following situation: the server process S executes a socket( ), a bind( ) and a listen( ) system call in that order, following which it is preempted. Subsequently, the client process P executes a socket( ) system call followed by connect( ) system call to connect to the server process S. The server process has not executed any accept( ) system call. Which one of the following events could take place?