Consider a CSMA/CD network that transmits data at a rate of 100 Mbps (10⁸ bits second) over a 1 km(kilometer) cable with no repeaters. If the minimum frame size required for this network is 1250 bytes, what is the signal speed (km/sec) in the cable?

In the diagram shown below, L1 is an Ethernet LAN and L2 is a Token-Ring LAN. An IP packet originates from sender S and traverses to R, as shown. The links within each ISP and across the two ISPs, are all point-to-point’ optical links. The initial value of the TTL field is 32. The maximum possible value of the TTL field when R receives the datagram is ____________.

In Ethernet when Manchester encoding is used, the bit rate is:

In a network of LANs connected by bridges, packets are sent from one LAN to another through intermediate bridges. Since more than one path may exist between two LANs, packets may have to be routed through multiple bridges. Why is the spanning tree algorithm used for bridge-routing?