A database of research articles in a journal uses the following schema.

(VOLUME, NUMBER, STARTPAGE, ENDPAGE, TITLE, YEAR, PRICE)

The primary key is (VOLUME, NUMBER, STARTPAGE, ENDPAGE) and the following functional dependencies exist in the schema.

(VOLUME, NUMBER, STARTPAGE, ENDPAGE) → TITLE
(VOLUME, NUMBER) → YEAR
(VOLUME, NUMBER, STARTPAGE, ENDPAGE) → PRICE

The database is redesigned to use the following schemas.

(VOLUME, NUMBER, STARTPAGE, ENDPAGE, TITLE, PRICE)
(VOLUME, NUMBER, YEAR)

Which is the weakest normal form that the new database satisfies, but the old one does not?

Consider the relation $$X\left( {P,Q,R,S,T,U} \right)$$ with the following set of functional dependencies
$$\eqalign{ & F = \left\{ \, \right. \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\left\{ {P,R} \right\} \to \left\{ {S,T} \right\}, \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\left\{ {P,S,U} \right\} \to \left\{ {Q,R} \right\} \cr & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\left. \, \right\} \cr} $$
Which of the following is the trivial functional dependency in $${F^ + },$$ where $${F^ + }$$ is closure of $$f$$ ?

Consider the relation schema $$R = \left( {E,\,F,\,G,\,H,\,I,\,J,\,K,L,\,M,\,N} \right)$$ and the set of functional dependencies $$\left\{ {\left\{ {E,F} \right\} \to \left\{ G \right\},\left\{ F \right\}} \right.$$
$$ \to \left\{ {I,J} \right\},\left\{ {E,H} \right\} \to \left\{ {K,L} \right\},\left\{ K \right\}$$
$$ \to \left\{ M \right\},\left\{ L \right\}$$
$$ \to \left. {\left\{ N \right\}} \right\}$$ on $$R.$$ What is the key for $$R?$$

A prime attribute of a relation scheme $$R$$ is an attribute that appears