Consider p(s) = s³ + $${a_2}$$s² + $${a_1}$$s + $${a_0}$$ with all real coefficients. It is known that its derivative p'(s) has no real roots. The number of real roots of p(s) is

For a unity feedback control system with the forward path transfer function

$$G(s) = {K \over {s\left( {s + 2} \right)}}$$

The peak resonant magnitude M_r of the closed-loop frequency response is 2. The corresponding value of the gain K (correct to two decimal places) is _________.

The state equation and the output equation of a control system are given below:

$$\mathop x\limits^. = \left[ {\matrix{ { - 4} & { - 1.5} \cr 4 & 0 \cr } } \right]x + \left[ {\matrix{ 2 \cr 0 \cr } } \right]u,$$

$$y = \left[ {\matrix{ {1.5} & {0.625} \cr } } \right]x.$$

The transfer function representation of the system is

The logic gates shown in the digital circuit below use strong pull-down nMOS transistors for LOW logic level at the outputs. When the pull-downs are off, high-value resistors set the output logic levels to HIGH (i.e. the pull-ups are weak). Note that some nodes are intentionally shorted to implement “wired logic”. Such shorted nodes will be HIGH only if the outputs of all the gates whose outputs are shorted are HIGH.


The number of distinct values of X₃X₂X₁X₀ (out of the 16 possible values) that give 𝑌 = 1 is _______.