A 4-bit shift register, which shifts 1 bit to the right at every clock pulse, is intialized to values (1000) for (Q₀Q₁Q₂Q₃). The D input is derived from Q₀, Q₂ and Q₃ through two XOR gates as shown in figure.

(a) Write the 4-bit values (Q₀Q₁Q₂Q₃) after each clock pulse till the pattern (1000) reappears on (Q₀Q₁Q₂Q₃).

(b) To what values should the shift register be intialized so that the pattern (1001) occurs after the first clock pulse?

Some unknown material has a conductivity of $${10^{ 6}}$$ $$mho/m$$ and a permeability of $$4\pi \times {10^{ - 7}}\,\,\,\,\,H/m.$$ The skin depth for the material at $$1GHz$$ is

The capacitance per unit length and the characteristic impedance of a lossless transmission line are C and $$Z_0$$ respectively. The velocity of a traveling wave on the transmission line is

A lossless transmission line having 50 $$\Omega $$ characteristic impedance and lenght $$\lambda /4$$ is short ciruited at one end and connected to an ideal voltage sourec of 1 V at the other end. The current drawn from the voltage source is