Assume that source S and destination D are connected through two intermediate routers labeled R. Determine how many times each packet has to visit the network layer and the data link layer during a transmission from S to D.

The protocol data unit (PDU) for the application layer in the Internet stack is

Which one of the following is not a client-server application?

Choose the best matching between Group 1 and Group 2 :

Group –1

P. Data link layer
Q. Network layer
R. Transport layer

Group – 2

1. Ensures reliable transport of data over a physical point-to-point link
2. Encodes/decodes data for physical transimission
3. Allows end-to-end communication between two processes
4. Routes data from one network node to the next