For the ring oscillator shown in the figure, the propagation delay of each inverter is 100 pico sec. What is the fundamental frequency of the oscillator output?

In the TTL circuit in Figure 2.11, $${S_0}$$ to $${S_0}$$ are select lines and $${X_7}$$ and $${X_0}$$are input lines. $${S_0}$$ and $${X_0}$$ are LSB'. The output Y is

A transmission line is distortionless if

If a plane electromagnetic wave satisfies the equation $${{{\partial ^2}\,{E_x}} \over {\partial \,{z^2}}} = \,{c^2}{{{\partial ^2}\,{E_x}} \over {\partial \,{t^2}}},$$ the wave propagates in the