The transistor in the amplifier shown below has following parameters: $$${h_{fe}}\, = \,100,\,{h_{ie}}\, = \,2k\Omega ,\,{h_{re}}\, = \,0,$$$ $${h_{oe}}\, = \,0.05\,\,m\Omega .\,\,C$$ is very large.

The output impedance is

The OP-AMP shown in fig. below is ideal. $$R\, = \,\sqrt {L/C.} $$ The phase angle between V₀ and V_i at $$\omega = 1/\sqrt {LC} $$ is

The Op-Amp in the Fig below is ideal. Find the output when V_i = (1-exp($$ - \alpha t$$)) u(t). Assume the capacitor to be uncharged when the input is applied and $$ - \alpha $$ = 1/CR₁. $$\left[ {u(t)\,\,is\,the\,unit\,step\,function.} \right]$$

In a digital communication system, transmissions of successive bits through a noisy channel are assumed to be independent events with error probability p. The probability of at most one error in the transmission of an 8 - bit sequence is