A diode whose terminal characteristics are related as $${i_D} = {{\rm I}_S}\,{e^{{V \over {{V_T}}}}},\,$$ where $${{\rm I}_S}$$ is the reverse saturation current and $${V_T}$$ is thermal voltage ($$25$$ $$mV$$) is biased at $${i_D} = 2\,mA.$$ Its dynamic resistance is _______.

In the single phase diode bridge rectifier shown in the figure, the load resistor is $$R = 50\,\Omega .$$ The source voltage is $$V=200$$ $$sin$$ $$\omega t,$$ where $$\omega = 2\pi \, \times \,50\,rad/sec.$$ The power dissipated in the load resistor $$R$$ is

For the circuit shown in Figure, $${{\rm I}_E} = 1\,\,mA,\,\,\,\beta = 99$$ and $${V_{BE}} = 0.7\,\,V$$ determine

(a) Current through $${R_1}$$ and $${R_C}$$
(b) The output voltage $${V_0}$$
(c) The value of $${R_F}$$

The output voltage$$\left( {{V_0}} \right)$$ of the Schmitt trigger shown in figure swings between $$+15V$$ and $$–15V.$$ Assume that the operational amplifier is ideal. The output will change from $$+15V$$ to $$–15V$$ when the instantaneous value of the input sine wave is