The output voltage$$\left( {{V_0}} \right)$$ of the Schmitt trigger shown in figure swings between $$+15V$$ and $$–15V.$$ Assume that the operational amplifier is ideal. The output will change from $$+15V$$ to $$–15V$$ when the instantaneous value of the input sine wave is

For the circuit shown in Figure, $${{\rm I}_E} = 1\,\,mA,\,\,\,\beta = 99$$ and $${V_{BE}} = 0.7\,\,V$$ determine

(a) Current through $${R_1}$$ and $${R_C}$$
(b) The output voltage $${V_0}$$
(c) The value of $${R_F}$$

The forward resistance of the diode shown in figure is $$5\Omega $$ and the remaining parameters are same as those of ideal diode. The $$DC$$ component of the source current is

The cut in voltage of both Zener diode $${D_z}$$ and diode $$D$$ shown in Figure is $$0.7$$ $$V,$$ while break down voltage of the zener is $$3.3$$ $$V$$ and reverse breakdown voltage of $$D$$ is $$50$$ $$V.$$ the other parameters can be assumed to be the same as those of an ideal diode. The values of the peak output voltage ($${V_0}$$) are