A power system consists of 2 areas (Area 1 and Area 2) connected by a single tie line (figure). It is required to carry out a load flow study on this system. While entering the network data, the tie-line data (connectivity and parameters) is inadvertently left out. If the load flow program is run with this incomplete data.

A generator is connected to a transformer which feeds another transformer through a short feeder. The zero sequence impedance values are expressed in pu on a common base and are indicated in figure. The Thevenin equivalent zero sequence impedance at point B is

Consider the problem of relay co-ordination for the distance relays $$R1$$ and $$R2$$ on adjacent lines of a transmission system figure. The Zone $$1$$
and Zone $$2$$ settings for both the relays are indicated on the diagram. Which of the following indicates the correct time setting for the Zone $$2$$ of relays $$R1$$ and $$R2.$$

Consider a power system with three identical generators. The transmission losses are negligible. One generator ($$G1$$) has a speed governor which maintains its speed constant at the rated value, while the other generators ($$G2$$ and $$G3$$) have governors with a droop of $$5$$%. If the load of the system is increased, then in steady state.