Consider the system $${{dx} \over {dt}} = Ax + Bu$$ with $${\rm A} = \left[ {\matrix{ 1 & 0 \cr 0 & 1 \cr } } \right]\,\,\,and\,\,\,{\rm B} = \left[ {\matrix{ p \cr q \cr } } \right],$$

where p and q are arbitrary real numbers. Which of the following statesments about the controllability of the system is true?

If X=1 in the logic equation $$\left[ {X + Z\left\{ {\overline Y + (\overline Z + X\overline {Y)} } \right\}} \right]$$ $$\left\{ {\overline X + \overline Z (X + Y)} \right\} = 1,$$ then

What are the minimum number of 2-to 1 multiplexers required to generate a 2-input AND gate and a 2-input EX-OR gate?

The full forms of the abbreviations TTL and COMS in reference to logic families are