For the logic circuit shown in Figure, the output is equal to

A material is described by the following electrical parameters at a frequency of $$10$$ GHz is $$\sigma = {10^6}$$ mho/m, $$\mu = {\mu _0},$$ and $$ \in /{ \in _0} = 10.$$ The material at this frequency is considered to be $$\left( {{ \in _0} = {1 \over {36\,\,\pi }} \times {{10}^{ - 9}}\,\,F/m} \right)$$

Consider a transmission line of characteristic impedance 50 ohm. Let it be terminated at one end by ( + j50) ohm. The VSWR produced by it in the transmission line will be

A plane wave is incident normally on a perfect conductor as shown in Fig. Here $$E_x^i,\,\,H_y^i$$ and $$\overrightarrow P {}^i$$ are electric field, magnetic field and Poynting vector respectively, for the incident wave. The reflected wave should have