Companding in PCM systems leads to improved signal - to - quantization noise ratio. This improvement is for

White Gaussian noise is passed through a linear narrow band filter. The probability density function of the envelope of the noise at the filter output is:

The variance of a random variable X is $$\sigma _x^2\,.$$ Then the variance of - kx (where k is a positive constant ) is

In the signal flow graph shown in fig X₂= TX₁ where T is equal to