Inbreeding selects harmful recessive genes that reduce fertility and productivity.

Inbreeding helps in accumulation of superior genes and elimination of undesirable genes.

Inbreeding increases homozygosity.

Inbreeding is essential to evolve purelines in any animal.

directional as it pushes the mean of the character in one direction

stabilizing followed by disruptive as it stabilizes the population to produce higher yielding cows.

disruptive as it splits the population into two, one yielding higher output and the other lower output.

stabilizing selection as it stabilizes this character in the population.

mating of related individuals of same breed

mating of individuals of different species

mating of individuals of different breed

mating of unrelated individuals of same breed

produced due to cross-pollination among unrelated plants

one that is able to breed on its own

near homozygous and produces offspring of its own kind

always homozygous recessive in its genetic constitution