Out crossing

Mutational breeding

Inbreeding

Cross breeding

It is drought tolerant, developed using Agrobacterium vector.

It has yellow grains, because of a gene introduced from a primitive variety of rice.

It is Vitamin A enriched, with a gene from daffodil.

It is pest resistant, with a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis.

Inbreeding selects harmful recessive genes that reduce fertility and productivity.

Inbreeding helps in accumulation of superior genes and elimination of undesirable genes.

Inbreeding increases homozygosity.

Inbreeding is essential to evolve purelines in any animal.

directional as it pushes the mean of the character in one direction

stabilizing followed by disruptive as it stabilizes the population to produce higher yielding cows.

disruptive as it splits the population into two, one yielding higher output and the other lower output.

stabilizing selection as it stabilizes this character in the population.