Adaptive radiation in placental mammals and Australian Marsupials leading to similarity between distant species is an example of $\_\_\_\_$ .

Given below are two statements :

Statement I : Modern Homo sapiens arose in Australia and moved across continents.

Statement II: Homo sapiens arose around 75000 to 10000 years ago.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

A population of diploid organisms is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. If the frequency of allele $A$ is 0.1 , the frequency of AA is $\_\_\_\_$ .

Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason $\mathbf{R}$.

Assertion A : Forelimbs of human and bats are homologous.

Reason R : Forelimbs of humans and bats have similar anatomical structure.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.