In a Rutherford scattering experiment when a projectile of charge z₁ and mass M₁ approaches a target nucleus of charge z₂ and mass M₂, the distance of closest approach is r₀. The energy of the projectile is

The ionization energy of the electron in the hydrogen atom in its ground state is 13.6 eV. The atoms are excited to higher energy levels to emit radiations of 6 wavelengths, Maximum wavelength of emitted radiation corresponds to the transition between

The number of beta particles emitted by a radioactive substance is twice the number of alpha particles emitted by it. The resulting daughter is an

If M(A; Z), M_p and M_n denote the masses of the nucleus $${}_Z^AX,$$ proton and neutron respectively in units of u (1 u = 931.5 MeV/c²) and BE represents its bonding energy in MeV, then