Consider the circuit with an ideal OPAMP shown in the figure.

Assuming $\left|V_{\mathrm{IN}}\right| \ll\left|V_{\mathrm{CC}}\right|$ and $\left|V_{\mathrm{REF}}\right| \ll\left|V_{\mathrm{CC}}\right|$. The condition at which $V_{\text {OUT }}$ equals to zero is

An asymmetrical periodic pulse train $v_{\text {in }}$ of 10 V amplitude with on-time $T_{\mathrm{ON}}=1 \mu \mathrm{~s}$ is applied to the circuit shown in the figure. The diode $D_1$ is ideal.

The difference between the maximum voltage and minimum voltage of the output waveform $v_0$ (in integer) is $\_\_\_\_$ V.

In the circuit shown in the figure, the transistors $M_1$ and $M_2$ are operating in saturation. The channel length

modulation coefficients of both the transistors are non-zero. The transconductance of the MOSFETs $M_1$ and $M_2$ are $g_{m 1}$ and $g_{m 2}$, respectively, and the internal resistance of the MOSFETs $M_1$ and $M_2$ are $r_{01}$ and $r_{02}$ respectively.

Ignoring the body effect, the ac small signal voltage gain ( $d V_{\text {out }} / d V_{\text {in }}$ ) of the circuit is

A circuit with an ideal OPAMP is shown in the figure. A plus $V_{\text {IN }}$ of 20 ms duration is applied to the input. The capacitors are initially uncharged.

The output voltage $V_{\text {OUT }}$ of this circuit at $\tau=0^{+}$(in integer) is $\_\_\_\_$ V.