Which from following is the most commonly used refrigerant Freon-12?

Identify ' $A$ ' in the following reaction.

$$ \begin{aligned} &\mathrm{A}+\text { chloromethane } \xrightarrow[\mathrm{AlCl}_3]{\text { Anhydrous }} \text { 2-chlorotoluene }+4 \text {-chlorotoluene } \end{aligned} $$

Identify the product ' $A$ ' formed in the following reaction.

Identify the product when chlorobenzene is heated with nitrating mixture.