Given below are two statements : One labelled as Assertion A and the other labelled as Reason R :

Assertion A : In gymnosperms the pollen grains are released from the microsporangium and carried by air currents.

Reason R : Air currents carry the pollen grains to the mouth of the archegonia where the male gametes are discharged and pollen tube is not formed.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

The residual persistent part which forms the perisperm in the seeds of beet is

To ensure that only the desired pollens fall on the stigma in artificial hybridization process

(a) the female flower buds of plant producing unisexual flowers need not be bagged.

(b) there is no need to emasculate unisexual flowers of selected female parent

(c) emasculated flowers are to be bagged immediately after cross pollination

(d) emasculated flowers are to be bagged after removal of anthers

(e) bisexual flowers, showing protogyny are never selected for cross

Choose the correct answer from the options given belows

In general the egg apparatus of embryo sac in angiosperm consists of