A certain plant homozygous for yellow seeds and red flowers was crossed with a plant homozygous for green seeds and white flowers. The F₁ plants had yellow seeds and pink flowers. The F₁ plants were selfed to get F₂ progeny. Assuming independent assortment of the two characters, how many phenotypic categories are expected for these characters in the F₂ generation ?

Select the correct statement/s with respect to mechanism of sex determination in Grasshopper.

(A) It is an example of female heterogamety.

(B) Male produces two different types of gametes either with or without X chromosome.

(C) Total number of chromosomes (autosomes and sex chromosomes) is same in both males and females.

(D) All eggs bear an additional X chromosome besides the autosomes.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Frequency of recombination between gene pairs on same chromosome as a measure of the distance between genes to map their position on chromosome, was used for the first time by

The phenomenon of pleiotropism refers to