In the limit state design method of concrete structures, the recommended partial material safety factor $$\left( {{\gamma _m}} \right)$$ for steel according to $$IS:456$$-$$2000$$ is

The working stress method of design specifies the value of modular ratio, $$m = 280/\left( {3{\sigma _{cbc}}} \right),$$ where $${{\sigma _{cbc}}}$$ is the allowable stress in bending compression in concrete. To what extent does the above value of $$'m'$$ make any allowance for the creep of concrete?

The minimum area of tension reinforcement in a beam shall be greater than

$$IS$$ $$456$$-$$2000$$ recommends providing certain minimum steel in a $$RCC$$ beam