Consider the singly reinforced beam shown in the figure below:

At cross-section $$XX,$$ which of the following statements is TRUE at the limit state?

As per $$IS$$ $$456:2000,$$ in the Limit State Design of a flexural member, the strain in reinforcing bars under tension at ultimate state should not be less than

In the limit state design method of concrete structures, the recommended partial material safety factor $$\left( {{\gamma _m}} \right)$$ for steel according to $$IS:456$$-$$2000$$ is

The working stress method of design specifies the value of modular ratio, $$m = 280/\left( {3{\sigma _{cbc}}} \right),$$ where $${{\sigma _{cbc}}}$$ is the allowable stress in bending compression in concrete. To what extent does the above value of $$'m'$$ make any allowance for the creep of concrete?