In arc welding process, the voltage and current are $$25V$$ and $$300A$$ respectively. The arc heat transfer efficiency is $$0.85$$ and welding speed is $$8$$ $$mm/sec$$. The net heat input (in $$J/mm$$) is

In an orthogonal machining operation:
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Uncut thickness $$\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 0.5$$ $$mm$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Cutting speed $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 20$$ $$m/min$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Width of cut $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 5$$ $$mm$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Chip thickness $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 0.7$$ $$mm$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Thrust force$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 200$$ $$N$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Cutting force $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 1200$$ $$N$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Rake angle $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$ = {15^ \circ }$$
Assume Merchant’s theory

The coefficient of friction at the tool chip interface is

In an orthogonal machining operation:
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Uncut thickness $$\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 0.5$$ $$mm$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Cutting speed $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 20$$ $$m/min$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Width of cut $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 5$$ $$mm$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Chip thickness $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 0.7$$ $$mm$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Thrust force$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 200$$ $$N$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Cutting force $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 1200$$ $$N$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Rake angle $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$ = {15^ \circ }$$
Assume Merchant’s theory

The values of shear angle and shear strain, respectively are

In an orthogonal machining operation:
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Uncut thickness $$\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 0.5$$ $$mm$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Cutting speed $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 20$$ $$m/min$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Width of cut $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 5$$ $$mm$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Chip thickness $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 0.7$$ $$mm$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Thrust force$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 200$$ $$N$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Cutting force $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$= 1200$$ $$N$$
$$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$Rake angle $$\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,$$ $$ = {15^ \circ }$$
Assume Merchant’s theory

The percentage of total energy dissipated due to friction at the tool chip interface is