Rods $A$ and $B$ have their lengths in the ratio $1: 2$. Their thermal conductivities are $K_1$ and $K_2$ respectively. The temperatures at the ends of each rod are $\mathrm{T}_1$ and $\mathrm{T}_2$. If the rate of flow of heat through the rods is equal, the ratio of area of cross section of $A$ to that of $B$ is

A monoatomic ideal gas, initially at temperature $T_1$, is enclosed in a cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston. The gas is allowed to expand adiabatically to a temperature $\mathrm{T}_2$ by releasing the piston suddenly. If $L$ and $2 L$ are the lengths of the gas column before and after expansion respectively, then $\frac{T_1}{T_2}$ is

An ideal gas is expanding such that $P T^2=$ constant. The coefficient of volume expansion of the gas is

A block of metal A is connected in series with another block of metal B such that the two metal blocks have the same area of cross sections. The thermal conductivity of metal A is K and the free end of metal A is at $80^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. The temperature of the interface is $60^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and the free end of metal B is at $20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. Assuming the two metals have the same thickness, the conductivity of metal B is: